State Representative
A member of the lower chamber of the state legislature, which writes state law and the state budget.
A member of the Ohio House of Representatives: “Representatives shall be elected biennially by the electors of the respective house of representatives districts; their term of office shall commence on the first day of January next thereafter and continue two years” (Article II, Section 2). No one may hold the office “for a period longer than four successive terms of two years” (Article II, Section 2).
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- To State Senator: A bill has to pass both chambers in the same form before it can reach the governor, so one chamber's vote only gets it halfway. In most states a bill that raises revenue has to start in the lower chamber.
State Senator
A member of the upper chamber of the state legislature. A bill has to pass both chambers.
A member of the Ohio Senate, elected for four years: “senators shall be elected to and hold office for terms of four years”, beginning the first day of January after the election (Article II, Section 2). The seat is term-limited — “No person shall hold the office of State Senator for a period of longer than two successive terms of four years” (Article II, Section 2).
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From State Representative: A bill has to pass both chambers in the same form before it can reach the governor, so one chamber's vote only gets it halfway. In most states a bill that raises revenue has to start in the lower chamber.
- To Governor: What both chambers pass goes to the governor to sign or veto. The share of each chamber needed to override a veto is set by this state's own constitution and is on the legislature's office page.
- To Counties, cities, towns and school districts: The legislature writes the property tax, local tax and budget rules that every county, city, town and school district in the state has to work inside. A local council choosing a rate is choosing among options set here.
- From Justice of the Supreme Court: A state supreme court has the last word on what the state's own constitution and statutes mean. A law the legislature passes and the governor signs can still be struck down here, and in most states only an amendment undoes that.
Governor
The state's chief executive. Signs or vetoes what the legislature passes, and runs the state agencies.
Ohio's chief executive: “The supreme executive power of this state shall be vested in the governor”, who “shall see that the laws are faithfully executed” (Article III, Sections 5 and 6). Four years, and “No person shall hold the office of governor for a period longer than two successive terms of four years” (Article III, Section 2). The veto is weaker here than in most states: three-fifths of each chamber undoes it (Article II, Section 16).
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From State Senator: What both chambers pass goes to the governor to sign or veto. The share of each chamber needed to override a veto is set by this state's own constitution and is on the legislature's office page.
- To Attorney General: The state's lawyer is elected separately in most states, so the governor cannot pick or remove the person who decides which laws to defend, which cases to bring, and which opinions to issue. Where the office is appointed instead, that page says so.
- To Secretary of State: In most states this is the chief election official, elected on the same ballot it administers and not answerable to the governor. A few states put elections elsewhere; that office's page says which.
- To Treasurer of State: The governor proposes a budget and the legislature appropriates, but the money itself sits with a separately elected treasurer. What that office may do with it is set by this state's own law.
- To Auditor of State: The officer who examines the state's spending is elected in their own right, so an administration cannot remove the person auditing it. That independence is the point of electing the office rather than appointing it. Some states call it auditor, some comptroller; this state's box says which.
- To Counties, cities, towns and school districts: State agencies under the governor license, inspect, fund and audit the counties, cities and school districts below. Much of what a local government can do in practice depends on a state agency's rules.
Secretary of State
One of Ohio's six elected executive officers, serving four years and limited to two successive terms (Article III, Sections 1 and 2).
One of Ohio's six elected executive officers, serving four years and limited to two successive terms (Article III, Sections 1 and 2). The constitution names two duties here, both about the record: countersigning every grant and commission the state issues, and receiving the bills a governor signs, lets become law unsigned, or files objections to (Article III, Section 13; Article II, Section 16). Ohio's elections sit here by statute.
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From Governor: In most states this is the chief election official, elected on the same ballot it administers and not answerable to the governor. A few states put elections elsewhere; that office's page says which.
Attorney General
The state's lawyer: brings and defends the state's cases, and advises its agencies.
Ohio's elected chief legal officer, one of the six officers of the executive department, serving four years and limited to two successive terms (Article III, Sections 1 and 2). The constitution makes the office elective and leaves what it does to statute — which is why its reach over consumer protection, charities, local prosecutions and state litigation is a legislative question rather than a constitutional one.
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From Governor: The state's lawyer is elected separately in most states, so the governor cannot pick or remove the person who decides which laws to defend, which cases to bring, and which opinions to issue. Where the office is appointed instead, that page says so.
Treasurer of State
One of Ohio's six elected executive officers, serving four years and limited to two successive terms (Article III, Sections 1 and 2).
One of Ohio's six elected executive officers, serving four years and limited to two successive terms (Article III, Sections 1 and 2). The constitution makes the office elective and leaves its duties to statute, which is where the state's banking, investment and debt work sits.
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From Governor: The governor proposes a budget and the legislature appropriates, but the money itself sits with a separately elected treasurer. What that office may do with it is set by this state's own law.
Auditor of State
One of Ohio's six elected executive officers, serving four years and limited to two successive terms (Article III, Sections 1 and 2).
One of Ohio's six elected executive officers, serving four years and limited to two successive terms (Article III, Sections 1 and 2). Ohio's auditor examines not only the state but the thousands of local governments and school districts beneath it, under statutes the General Assembly writes — which makes this the office most Ohioans' local government actually hears from.
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From Governor: The officer who examines the state's spending is elected in their own right, so an administration cannot remove the person auditing it. That independence is the point of electing the office rather than appointing it. Some states call it auditor, some comptroller; this state's box says which.
Justice of the Supreme Court
A seat on a seven-member court that Ohio's voters elect statewide: “The chief justice and the justices of the Supreme Court shall be elected by the electors of the state at large, for terms of not less than six years” (Article IV, Section 6(A)(1)). This is not a retention vote — it is a contested election for a six-year term on the court that has the last word on Ohio's own constitution, with “general superintendence over all courts in the state” (Article IV, Section 5(A)(1)).
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- To State Senator: A state supreme court has the last word on what the state's own constitution and statutes mean. A law the legislature passes and the governor signs can still be struck down here, and in most states only an amendment undoes that.
Counties, cities, towns and school districts
Every local government in the state. None of them can tax or spend outside what the legislature allows.
Elected separately, each at its own level.
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From State Senator: The legislature writes the property tax, local tax and budget rules that every county, city, town and school district in the state has to work inside. A local council choosing a rate is choosing among options set here.
- From Governor: State agencies under the governor license, inspect, fund and audit the counties, cities and school districts below. Much of what a local government can do in practice depends on a state agency's rules.