State Representative
A member of the lower chamber of the state legislature, which writes state law and the state budget.
One of seventy-five members of the Rhode Island House: “commencing in 2003 there shall be seventy-five (75) members of the house of representatives”, from districts “as nearly equal in population and as compact in territory as possible” (Article VII, Section 1). Two-year terms, and a salary the constitution sets rather than the House (Article VI, Section 3).
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- To State Senator: A bill has to pass both chambers in the same form before it can reach the governor, so one chamber's vote only gets it halfway. In most states a bill that raises revenue has to start in the lower chamber.
State Senator
A member of the upper chamber of the state legislature. A bill has to pass both chambers.
One of thirty-eight senators: the senate “shall consist of thirty-eight (38) members from the senatorial districts in the state” — cut from fifty in 2003 (Article VIII, Section 1). Senators are elected for two years and are paid a salary the constitution itself sets and indexes to the cost of living (Article VI, Section 3).
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From State Representative: A bill has to pass both chambers in the same form before it can reach the governor, so one chamber's vote only gets it halfway. In most states a bill that raises revenue has to start in the lower chamber.
- To Governor: What both chambers pass goes to the governor to sign or veto. The share of each chamber needed to override a veto is set by this state's own constitution and is on the legislature's office page.
- To Counties, cities, towns and school districts: The legislature writes the property tax, local tax and budget rules that every county, city, town and school district in the state has to work inside. A local council choosing a rate is choosing among options set here.
Governor
The state's chief executive. Signs or vetoes what the legislature passes, and runs the state agencies.
Rhode Island's chief executive: “The chief executive power of this state shall be vested in a governor, who, together with a lieutenant governor, shall be elected by the people”, and who “shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed” (Article IX, Sections 1 and 2). Four years, two consecutive terms at most, and subject to recall (Article IV, Section 1). There is no item veto here — a bill is signed or rejected whole — and a veto is overridden by three-fifths of the members present and voting (Article IX, Section 14).
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From State Senator: What both chambers pass goes to the governor to sign or veto. The share of each chamber needed to override a veto is set by this state's own constitution and is on the legislature's office page.
- To Attorney General: The state's lawyer is elected separately in most states, so the governor cannot pick or remove the person who decides which laws to defend, which cases to bring, and which opinions to issue. Where the office is appointed instead, that page says so.
- To Secretary of State: In most states this is the chief election official, elected on the same ballot it administers and not answerable to the governor. A few states put elections elsewhere; that office's page says which.
- To General Treasurer: The governor proposes a budget and the legislature appropriates, but the money itself sits with a separately elected treasurer. What that office may do with it is set by this state's own law.
- To Lieutenant Governor: In most states the lieutenant governor succeeds the governor and presides over the senate. Whether the two run on one ticket or are elected separately differs by state, and each page says which.
- To Counties, cities, towns and school districts: State agencies under the governor license, inspect, fund and audit the counties, cities and school districts below. Much of what a local government can do in practice depends on a state agency's rules.
Secretary of State
One of Rhode Island's five general officers, elected for four years (Article IV, Section 1).
One of Rhode Island's five general officers, elected for four years (Article IV, Section 1). Like the attorney general and treasurer, the office's powers are “the same under this Constitution as are now established, or as from time to time may be prescribed by law” (Article IX, Section 12). The constitution does name two things: the secretary attests every state commission, and receives a governor's written disapproval of a bill after adjournment.
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From Governor: In most states this is the chief election official, elected on the same ballot it administers and not answerable to the governor. A few states put elections elsewhere; that office's page says which.
Attorney General
One of Rhode Island's five general officers, elected for four years (Article IV, Section 1).
One of Rhode Island's five general officers, elected for four years (Article IV, Section 1). The constitution says what it does by pointing backwards: “The duties and powers of the secretary, attorney-general and general treasurer shall be the same under this Constitution as are now established, or as from time to time may be prescribed by law” (Article IX, Section 12). Rhode Island has no counties with governments of their own and no county prosecutors, so the criminal work other states spread across dozens of elected prosecutors sits here.
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From Governor: The state's lawyer is elected separately in most states, so the governor cannot pick or remove the person who decides which laws to defend, which cases to bring, and which opinions to issue. Where the office is appointed instead, that page says so.
General Treasurer
Holds and invests the state's money.
One of Rhode Island's five general officers, elected for four years, whose powers are “the same under this Constitution as are now established, or as from time to time may be prescribed by law” (Article IV, Section 1; Article IX, Section 12). The office works inside a constitution that caps appropriations at ninety-seven percent of estimated revenue and establishes a budget reserve account for the rest.
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From Governor: The governor proposes a budget and the legislature appropriates, but the money itself sits with a separately elected treasurer. What that office may do with it is set by this state's own law.
Lieutenant Governor
One of Rhode Island's five general officers, elected in the officer's own right for four years (Article IV, Section 1).
One of Rhode Island's five general officers, elected in the officer's own right for four years (Article IV, Section 1). The office lost its traditional job in 2003: the lieutenant governor presided over the senate “until 2003”, and since then “the senate shall elect its president, who shall preside in the senate and in grand committee” (Article VI, Section 2). What remains in the constitution is the succession.
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From Governor: In most states the lieutenant governor succeeds the governor and presides over the senate. Whether the two run on one ticket or are elected separately differs by state, and each page says which.
Counties, cities, towns and school districts
Every local government in the state. None of them can tax or spend outside what the legislature allows.
Elected separately, each at its own level.
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From State Senator: The legislature writes the property tax, local tax and budget rules that every county, city, town and school district in the state has to work inside. A local council choosing a rate is choosing among options set here.
- From Governor: State agencies under the governor license, inspect, fund and audit the counties, cities and school districts below. Much of what a local government can do in practice depends on a state agency's rules.