Assembly Member
A member of the lower chamber of the state legislature, which writes state law and the state budget.
A member of the Wisconsin State Assembly: “The members of the assembly shall be chosen biennially, by single districts, on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday of November in even-numbered years” (Article IV, Section 4). The Assembly has ninety-nine seats, within the constitution's range of fifty-four to one hundred (Article IV, Section 2).
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- To State Senator: A bill has to pass both chambers in the same form before it can reach the governor, so one chamber's vote only gets it halfway. In most states a bill that raises revenue has to start in the lower chamber.
State Senator
A member of the upper chamber of the state legislature. A bill has to pass both chambers.
A member of the Wisconsin Senate, elected from a single district “at the same time and in the same manner as members of the assembly”, with senators “chosen alternately from the odd and even-numbered districts for the term of 4 years” (Article IV, Section 5). So half the Senate is on the ballot each cycle, and a senate district is always built from whole assembly districts (Article IV, Section 5).
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From Assembly Member: A bill has to pass both chambers in the same form before it can reach the governor, so one chamber's vote only gets it halfway. In most states a bill that raises revenue has to start in the lower chamber.
- To Governor: What both chambers pass goes to the governor to sign or veto. The share of each chamber needed to override a veto is set by this state's own constitution and is on the legislature's office page.
- To Counties, cities, towns and school districts: The legislature writes the property tax, local tax and budget rules that every county, city, town and school district in the state has to work inside. A local council choosing a rate is choosing among options set here.
Governor
The state's chief executive. Signs or vetoes what the legislature passes, and runs the state agencies.
Wisconsin's chief executive, in whom “the executive power shall be vested”, elected for four years jointly with the lieutenant governor on a single vote (Article V, Sections 1 and 3). The office's defining power is the partial veto: “Appropriation bills may be approved in whole or in part by the governor, and the part approved shall become law” (Article V, Section 10). Overriding any of it takes two-thirds of the members present in both houses.
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From State Senator: What both chambers pass goes to the governor to sign or veto. The share of each chamber needed to override a veto is set by this state's own constitution and is on the legislature's office page.
- To Attorney General: The state's lawyer is elected separately in most states, so the governor cannot pick or remove the person who decides which laws to defend, which cases to bring, and which opinions to issue. Where the office is appointed instead, that page says so.
- To Secretary of State: In most states this is the chief election official, elected on the same ballot it administers and not answerable to the governor. A few states put elections elsewhere; that office's page says which.
- To State Treasurer: The governor proposes a budget and the legislature appropriates, but the money itself sits with a separately elected treasurer. What that office may do with it is set by this state's own law.
- To Counties, cities, towns and school districts: State agencies under the governor license, inspect, fund and audit the counties, cities and school districts below. Much of what a local government can do in practice depends on a state agency's rules.
Secretary of State
One of Wisconsin's three elected administrative officers, serving four years (Article VI, Section 1).
One of Wisconsin's three elected administrative officers, serving four years (Article VI, Section 1). Unlike most states, Wisconsin does not put elections here — the constitution's job for this office is the record: the secretary “shall keep a fair record of the official acts of the legislature and executive department of the state” and lay them before either house when required (Article VI, Section 2). Sits on the Board of Commissioners of Public Lands: “The secretary of state, treasurer and attorney general, shall constitute a board of commissioners for the sale of the school and university lands and for the investment of the funds arising therefrom”, and “Any two of said commissioners shall be a quorum” (Article X, Section 7).
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From Governor: In most states this is the chief election official, elected on the same ballot it administers and not answerable to the governor. A few states put elections elsewhere; that office's page says which.
Attorney General
The state's lawyer: brings and defends the state's cases, and advises its agencies.
Wisconsin's elected chief legal officer, serving four years, whose powers the constitution hands wholly to the legislature: “The powers, duties and compensation of the treasurer and attorney general shall be prescribed by law” (Article VI, Sections 1 and 3). Sits on the Board of Commissioners of Public Lands: “The secretary of state, treasurer and attorney general, shall constitute a board of commissioners for the sale of the school and university lands and for the investment of the funds arising therefrom”, and “Any two of said commissioners shall be a quorum” (Article X, Section 7).
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From Governor: The state's lawyer is elected separately in most states, so the governor cannot pick or remove the person who decides which laws to defend, which cases to bring, and which opinions to issue. Where the office is appointed instead, that page says so.
State Treasurer
One of Wisconsin's three elected administrative officers, serving four years, with powers "prescribed by law" (Article VI, Sections 1 and 3).
One of Wisconsin's three elected administrative officers, serving four years, with powers “prescribed by law” (Article VI, Sections 1 and 3). Because those powers are statutory, the legislature has been free to move this office's work elsewhere without any change to the constitution. What the constitution still fixes here is the land board: Sits on the Board of Commissioners of Public Lands: “The secretary of state, treasurer and attorney general, shall constitute a board of commissioners for the sale of the school and university lands and for the investment of the funds arising therefrom”, and “Any two of said commissioners shall be a quorum” (Article X, Section 7).
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From Governor: The governor proposes a budget and the legislature appropriates, but the money itself sits with a separately elected treasurer. What that office may do with it is set by this state's own law.
Counties, cities, towns and school districts
Every local government in the state. None of them can tax or spend outside what the legislature allows.
Elected separately, each at its own level.
Who it works with, and what passes between them:
- From State Senator: The legislature writes the property tax, local tax and budget rules that every county, city, town and school district in the state has to work inside. A local council choosing a rate is choosing among options set here.
- From Governor: State agencies under the governor license, inspect, fund and audit the counties, cities and school districts below. Much of what a local government can do in practice depends on a state agency's rules.